Zhu Xi lectures on the exploration of Fuzhou ruins
Author: Xiuyun
Source: “Fuzhou Evening News”
Time: October 29, 2020
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Lianjiang Academy
“In the fiftieth year of Xi’s reign, those who served outside the country only had nine exams, and the dynasty was only forty days old.” “History of the Song Dynasty·Biography of Zhu Xi” It is said that in the fifty years after Zhu Xi passed the Jinshi examination, he served as an official in other places for twenty-seven years (in modern officials, performance examinations are carried out every three years, while the ninth examination is twenty-seven years), and in the imperial court for forty days. During the rest of the time, he “exhausted his energy” , to study the scriptures and teachings of sages and sages,” and to write books and establish knowledge. His annotations for “Great Learning”, “The Analects of Confucius”, “Mencius”, “The Doctrine of the Mean” and other books have been used as teaching materials by schools of all ages. He set up libraries everywhere, lectured and preached, and traveled all over the country. He has been to Fuzhou more than ten times, including the second year of Longxing (1164), the tenth year of Chunxi (1183), the second year of Qingyuan (1196) to the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200). The relics left by lectures (tours) are worth exploring.
The lecture hall of Ziyang Academy
The Xuetang Academy is a place where people gather Lecture places are a unique educational organization and academic research institution in my country’s feudal society. They are mostly located in places with beautiful mountains and rivers and quiet environments. They are established by famous Confucian scholars, local officials, gentry, and private individuals. The rise of Fujian academies was established in the Southern Song Dynasty under the initiative of a group of Neo-Confucianists represented by Zhu Xi. According to historical records, as early as the Song Dynasty, Fuzhou gathered more than a dozen academies, represented by the “Ziyang Academy” founded by Zhu Xi, and became the national center of Neo-Confucianism.
The establishment of “Ziyang Academy” took a lot of trouble. In the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), Wang Yingchen, a decent poet and essayist who served as Minister of Civil Affairs in the Song Dynasty, , was Zhu Xi’s cousin, often discussed knowledge with him, knew about Fuzhou, and recruited Zhu Xi to Fuzhou. He planned to be dispatched by the Fujian Marshal, but failed to do so. In mid-spring of the second year of Longxing (1164), Zhu Xi went to Yanping (now Nanping) to pay homage to his teacher Li Dong, and then went to Rong to pay his respects to Wang Yingchen. In April of the same year, Wang Yingchen specially sent soldiers to Chong’an (today’s Wuyishan) to invite Zhu Xi to Fuzhou to discuss political affairs. After staying for a long time, Zhu Xi was able to found “Ziyang Academy” in the east gate of Fuzhou.
Because Jamaica Sugar Zhu Xi once called “Mr. Ziyang”, in order to commemorate Zhu Xi Schools were run there, and the place was called “Ziyang Village”, which is tomorrow’s Ziyang Community. It is a pity that “Ziyang Academy” no longer exists.There are no historical documents or inscriptions to record the scenic beauty of that time. Only the place name “in front of the lecture hall” and “lecture hall” are left. The older generation in Wangzhuang spread the word by word of mouth: Zhu Xi’s disciples were all over the country, and they also held classes here.
There are still several “lecture halls” in Wangzhuang Ziyang.
Diagonally opposite the Ziyang Community Service Center, in a corner of the new village building, a small temple-like ancient building can be seen. The dark plaque hung directly above the door has four eye-catching gilt characters “Lecture Hall Scenic Spot” and a small line of gilt characters “Old Site of Ziyang Zhu Xi Lecture Hall” underneath. On both sides of the door, there are couplets with gold characters on a black background: “Purple air comes from the east to the paradise, and the sun shines on the lecture hall”, with the first word “Purple Sun” embedded in the word Jamaicans Sugardaddy , seems to tell the story of Zhu Xi’s lectures back then.
In the long years of thousands of years, “Ziyang Academy” has been maintained by the people in the form of classrooms and built into an ordinary Jamaica Sugar The sacred temple in the place where Fuzhou pays homage is commonly known as “Jing” among the people in Fuzhou. Zhu Xi is also regarded as a god and is enshrined here. It is said that there was a plaque with Zhu Xi’s own handwriting hanging in the main hall, but now this plaque no longer exists. There are no calligraphy works or portraits of Zhu Xi left in this palace, but there are gilt hangings such as “Confucius founded the Confucian school in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and Zhu Xi became a master of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty” and “Inherited Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism”Jamaica Sugar DaddyGolden Pillar Couple. The “Lecture Hall Scenic Spot” with red walls and black tiles is like a wise man, standing quietly watching the changes of thousands of years. It is said that the annual JM Escorts night lecture hall has also gradually “shrunk” with the prosperity of Wangzhuang. The current area is less than that of that year. One in ten.
There is a “Lecture Hall East” at No. 75, Changle Middle Road. The front wall of the temple is inlaid with a bluestone tablet “Inscriptions on the Lecture Hall and Temple” written by Professor Liu Xiangru, a Fuzhou custom expert. On the east side of Jin’an South Road, facing Jin’an River Park, there is a temple marked “Lecture Hall Zhengjing”, with a sign “Taishan Temple” erected on the door. Jamaicans Sugardaddy There is a “Lecture Hall Shengjing” temple by the river in the park. There are big characters “Zi Chi Temple” on the wall beside the temple. On the first and fifteenth day of every month, the temple gate opens and incense fills the air. The “Classroom Scenic Spot” of Jin’an River Park, built in 2019, has three double-eaves corridor pavilions imitating the brackets on the top of Xieshan Mountain in the Song Dynasty. They are spectacular and majestic and stand on the riverside.
Several years after Zhu Xi founded the “Ziyang Academy”, he founded the “Bamboo Forest Academy” (Bamboo Forest Jingshe) in Zhuyu Village, Jin’an District, which is now the “Bamboo Forest Realm”. Huang Qian is giving lectures here.
Huang Qian was born in Puxia Village, Dongmen, Fuzhou. At the age of 14, he was introduced by Zhu Xi’s disciple Liu Qingzhi (prime minister in the late Southern Song Dynasty) and studied under Zhu Xi’s sect. Later Zhu Xi married his daughter Zhu Dui to Huang Qian. In the tenth year of Chunxi’s reign (1183), Zhu Xi made a special trip to Huang Gan’s home in Puxia to meet his daughter, and wrote a famous poem “Onion Soup and Wheat Rice”.
The Kangxi edition of the Qing Dynasty’s “Jianhu Collection” contains: Zhu Hui’an (Zhu Xi’s name Hui’an) failed to meet his son-in-law when he visited him, and his daughter left the onion soup and wheat rice behind, which means that Jian was uneasy. . Hui’an’s poem says: “Onion, soup, wheat and rice are suitable. Green onion supplements Dantian and wheat to relieve hunger. Don’t know that the taste is thin, and there is still uncooked food in Qiancun JM Escorts “When Zhu Xi went to visit his son-in-law, he was not at home, and his daughter left her father to eat at home. Because the family was too poor and could not bring out anything delicious, she had to bring onion soup and wheat rice. The daughter felt very sorry for her father’s rare visit. Zhu Xi saw his daughter’s uneasy expression, so he wrote this poem.
Zhu Xi’s inscriptions on Niugang Mountain near Ziyang, including “Hui’an”, “Fengqiu” and “Helin”, are still there today. This is where the place name “Helin” village comes from.
Lianjiang Academy has been guarded for thousands of years
Lianjiang Academy , is the best preserved ancient academy in Fuzhou where Zhu Xi gave lectures in the Song Dynasty. It is located in Pingshan, Linpu, Cangshan District, facing Gushan Mountain and adjacent to the Minjiang River in the north. It has beautiful scenery and a quiet environment. “Fuzhou Suburban Education Chronicle” records: “In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi once gave lectures in the academy and inscribed a plaque with the name ‘Civilized Weather’. Later generations built a Zhuzi Temple on the right side of the academy to worship Zhu Xi. In the tenth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1860), Lin Chun and Jiang Yunchu Rebuilding the Zhuzi Temple ”
There are several theories about the founding date of Lianjiang Academy. Some say that literature and art began in the Tang DynastyJamaicans EscortIn the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), it was originally the courtyard of Gushan Yongquan Temple, and later changed to an academy. It was renamed Lianjiang Academy in the Song Dynasty. Some say it was built in the Song Dynasty. “Fuzhou Municipal Chronicle” simply writes: “The year of its founding is unknown, and it is now a Qing Dynasty building. The academy is located in the Southern Dynasties Jamaicans Sugardaddy In the north, it is a wooden structure with three rooms in both width and depth. It is a double-story building with a bucket-type structure and a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain. It covers an area of 764 square meters. There is a small patio in front of the building. It is said that Zhu Xi once gave lectures here and was inscribed with the title “Civilization”. “Weather”
The walls surrounding Lianjiang Academy today.The door wall is in the shape of a Chinese character, with the stone “Wenchang Pavilion” carved on the main entrance, and the four characters “Lianjiang Academy” carved on the white wall at the entrance of the academy. The main building of the academy is Wenchang Pavilion, also known as Zhuzi Hall. It is a cedar single-eaves resting on the top of the mountain. It is three rooms wide. It is a two-story wooden building with cornices and angles. The unique architectural shape shows a sense of simplicity and solemnity.
The college is currently divided into three parts: Zhuzi Lecture Hall, Zhuzi Temple, and Family Style Hall. A plaque of “Civilized Atmosphere” inscribed by Zhu Xi hangs above the front door of the lecture hall, and the columns on both sides read “Three platforms on level ground, with heads raised a hundred feet high.” The small student study room is clean and bright, and is decorated with ancient teachers and students. desk, four treasures of the study, etc. A portrait of Zhu Xi is enshrined in the room. On both sides of the portrait are the words “Establish a unified ambition and bring glory to the country and family.” In the right compartment, Zhu had packed up his clothes, and the master and servant gently walked out of the door and walked to the kitchen. Xi’s bedroom.
JM Escorts On the platform in front of the academy, there is a stone mortar used by teachers and students to wash their pens. The three words “Knowing Fish and Joy” are engraved on it, which expresses the students’ intense joy after their strong desire for knowledge is realized. On the stone railing in front of the platform, the words “Lianshui Longteng” were engraved with vigorous calligraphy on the inside and outside. Because of this, she deeply realized how much love and helplessness her parents had for her in the past, and also understood her past ignorance and The eight characters “Unfilial, but everything has been regretted” and “Wenguang Shedou” succinctly show the vigorous atmosphere of teachers and students who are diligent and eager to learn. Behind the main building is the “Zhuzi Temple”. On the back wall of the building is a huge stele “Zhu Xi Lecture Office of Song Dynasty”. The last few inscriptions on the stele are “Zhu Xi came to give lectures in person”.
There is a poem “Yanping” inscribed by Zhu Xi on the surrounding city gates, which says: “The blue and green Jin is a wonderful place. When you climb high, you can see the plains. The sky is covered with fog and the clouds are screened by the good atmosphere.” The house is full of cranes, and the moss Jamaicans Sugardaddy is shining on the fireflies. It’s a lot of fun to hide in books, and the leaves are fragrant.”
It is said that from the Song Dynasty to the Republic of China, the sound of reading in Lianjiang Academy has never stopped despite the changes of things and the invasion of wind and rain. Even during the Japanese invasion of China and the fall of Fuzhou, it was occupied by the garrison and moved to For a period of time, the village ancestral hall continued to hold classes, and the excellent academic style continued for thousands of years. Lianjiang Academy, hidden among the vast ancient trees, is like a wise elder, telling the vicissitudes of history.
Lianjiang Academy was renamed Lianjiang Senior Primary School and Linsen County Siwei Second Central Primary School during the Republic of China. Later, two rows of red brick and white brick classrooms were built next to the academy. Students studied in the new classrooms and preserved Lianjiang Academy. Linpu Primary School was established in January 1949. Today, Linpu Primary School with modern facilities is separated from the ancient Lianjiang Academy by a wall. The sound of books and the fragrance of writing have been passed down for thousands of years.
Huiwengyan Longfeng Academy Reading Office
“Yeah, figured it out. “Lan Yuhua nodded affirmatively.
Huiwengyan
Historical records show that in the fifth year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1194), Zhu Xi was appointed as Huanzhang Pavilion on the recommendation of Prime Minister Zhao Ruyu. He served as a lecturer and explained classics and history to the emperor. Soon, in order to exclude dissidents, Zhu Xi was “falsely accused of misconduct and demoted to Yongzhou” and was dismissed from his official position and deprived of his salary. During the Qingyuan period, Zhu Xi took refuge in central Fujian, set up libraries everywhere, gave lectures and preached, and traveled all over Fujian. The “Lianjiang County Chronicle” of the Republic of China records: In the Song Dynasty, Zhu Huiweng was banned from pseudo-study. Escape from Sanshan and go to Changle to live in “Huiweng Rock”
Enter Erliu Village in Tantou Town from Changle Binhai Avenue and reach Huiweng Rock along the mountain road. On the large rockery at the entrance of the scenic spot, there are three large characters “Hui Wengyan” written by Shen Baozhen, a famous minister of the late Qing Dynasty, engraved on it. Not far from the gate, there are also three characters on the huge rock. There is a stone inscription on the cliff called “Huiweng Rock” written by Zheng Shiwei, the right minister of the Ministry of Justice in the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. It is recorded: “Zhu Xi came here to avoid the ban on false studies, and the two Lius (Liu Di and Liu Li) studied under him. The three characters “Studying Place” were written in a big book and were tied to the stone. Later generations named him Yanyun. “Zhu Xi’s name was Huiweng, so he changed its name to “Huiweng Rock” after Longfeng Rock.
The “Huiweng Rock” with its rugged and strange rocks was visited by literati, poets, and Da He was a noble official and left many poems, songs, and cliff carvings describing Zhu Xi and Longfeng Academy: In the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1575), Zheng Shiwei, the minister of the Ministry of Justice, took Han Shao, the magistrate, to visit the “Huiweng Rock” written by Longfeng Academy; In the 44th year of Wanli reign in the Ming Dynasty (1616), Ye Xianggao, the first minister of the Ming Dynasty, wrote “Tong Wanhou Bian” and “Jiang Shanbu” went to Huiwengyan to avoid pseudo-study. The temple was abandoned and was restored. The stone carvings of “Lv”; Ming Dynasty Zheng Shanfu’s poem “Su Shimen Hui Weng Reading Place”, etc.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Sanbao eunuch Zheng He visited this rock during his seven voyages to the West. Longfeng Academy was also renovated, and later generations called it “Sanbaoyan”. In the sixth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty (1572), the county magistrate Jiang Yizhong praised Zhu Xi, so it was changed to “Huiwengyan”.
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Historical records show that the Song Dynasty successively built Longfeng Academy, Wenchang Pavilion, Lecture Hall, and Shimen Jing on Longfeng Mountain.House and “Zen Hall”.
While Zhu Xi was giving lectures here, there were brothers Liu Di and Liu Li in the village who both worshiped Zhu Xi as their teachers. They humbly asked for advice and followed Zhu Xi to study Neo-Confucian thought. In April of the fifth year of Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1199), Zhu Xi’s “Postscript of Liu Shinan’s Journey to the South” said: “Liu Di and his younger brother Li from Changle came to learn from each other, and they have been here for many years. After more changes, the ambition becomes stronger.” Under Zhu Xi’s careful guidance, they improved their knowledge, abandoned the old and pursued the new, became Zhu Xi’s proud disciples, and became famous among scholars. The village was named “Erliu Village”, and Longfengyan where the two were studying was also called “Erliuyan” in the countryside. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Longfeng Academy was renamed “Sanxian Temple” to worship Zhu Xi and his disciples Liu Di and Liu Li.
There is also a beautiful legend circulating in Longfengyan. There is a cave in the northeast of the cliff carving of “Huiweng Rock” called Bailu Cave. It is said that Zhu Xi concentrated on studying in this cave, which moved the white deer in the mountain to look for food and accompany Zhu Xi every day. In the past few years, there was a stone statue of Zhu Xi with a serious attitude, as if he was doing his homework, and a stone statue of a white deer holding 5 peaches in its mouth, standing opposite Zhu Xi. The legendary stories add to the mystery of Bailu Cave and give Huiweng Rock an air of immortality.
Zhu Xihui Wengyan’s lectures have two locations: outdoor and indoor. The natural outdoor teaching point is the “reading place”. In the Huiwengyan Scenic Area, on a rocky Shimen cliff in the dense forest, there are three characters “Reading Place” engraved vertically, each character is 0.94 meters long and 0.77 meters wide. The handwriting was originally written by Zhu Xi, but it has been lost due to age. The existing handwriting was supplemented by Zheng Shiwei, the Minister of Punishment during the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1619). Climb the five or six stone steps inside the stone gate, and you will see the rocks inside forming a natural courtyard, with bluestone tables and benches in the middle. Next to it is the inscription “Reconstruction of the Third Master Huiwengyan Shrine” written by Ye Xianggao, a bachelor of the Ming Dynasty Cabinet. On the cliff facing the stone tables and benches is engraved “Zhu Liu Lecture”.
The “Longfeng Academy”, nestled among lush forests and bamboos in a quiet environment, is an indoor teaching spot. The mountain gate of the outer wall of the “Sanxian Temple” is close to the rock on one side and connected to the masonry wall on the other. The lush trees block the sun and look very quiet. The four characters “Longfeng Academy” are written across the mountain gate. Couplet: “There is no summer heat in June and July, but there is the sound of books at the second and third watch.” The couplet tells the story of the diligent study of the college students back then. The tables, chairs, walls, wooden pillars, floors, etc. in the courtyard basically adhere to the Song Dynasty style.
The antique double-story concrete structure “Sanxian Temple”, the gate is engraved with Zhu Xi’s handwritten couplets: “The sun and moon are two eyes with six eyes, and thousands of poems and books are in front of the human heart.” In the main hall, there is a portrait of Zhu Xi with an elegant expression, flanked by Liu Di and Liu Li; the couplets on both sides, “Kite flies over the moon in the cave, fish leaps across the sea and into the sky” are also said to be handwritten by Zhu Xi. My favorite additions to the temple include rubbings such as Zhu Xi’s Quotations, as well as collections of academic papers and chronicles on Zhu Xi in the past dynasties.
Tieyechang Longjin Academy
Facing the rolling Tingjiang Town, Minjiang RiverIn the village, the “Zhuzi Temple” stands in the green Longjin Garden. It was the site of the “Longjin Academy” where Zhu Xi went to give lectures in front of Longfeng Academy in Changle. “Book of Fujian” records: In the fifth year of Shaoxi’s reign in the Song Dynasty (1194), Ningzong ascended the throne and announced the “ban on pseudo-study” the following year. Zhu Xi avoided the ban on pseudo-study and went to the iron smelting field in Hepu Beili, Min County to give lectures. “Jamaicans SugardaddyFujian General Chronicles” of the Republic of China records: “The iron smelting field is next to Longjing Creek, where drums were cast in the Song Dynasty. Bai Wengong banned his studies and fled here. “Wang Youshu, the magistrate of Kuizhou in Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty, recorded in the Records of the Sacrifice of Longjin Academy: “Wuli Longbian was the iron smelting field in the Song Dynasty (1194). ) When pseudo-study was banned, Master Zhu from Ziyang took refuge here. Historical records indicate that the iron smelting field in Beili, Hepu, was Changbing Village, Tingjiang Town, Fuzhou, which belonged to Fujian in the Tang Dynasty. Hepu Li of the county belonged to Hepu Beili during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Hepu Li. It was formerly known as Longbian, also known as Longjin. Since it was a place for iron smelting in the Song Dynasty, it was also known as the “iron smelting field”. It covers an area of approximately 6,700 square meters. “Fuzhou Encyclopedia” records: The iron smelting site of the Song Dynasty is still there next to Longjing Creek, covering an area of about 7,000 square meters, which is now farmland. In the 1980s, iron slag could be picked up everywhere. Iron slag is heavy and hard, providing physical materials for studying the smelting technology at that time. Around the iron smelting field, there are cliff stone inscriptions such as “Deyuetan” and “Yuelongjin”. In the surrounding Chang’an Village, there are Zhu Xi’s “Xianyuan” list inscriptions.
When Zhu Xi was evading his academic ban, Zhu Xi’s fellow Jinshi Liang Ruchang helped him set up a school in this quiet place in the mountains and rivers. He took Zhu Xi’s “Yue Longjin” and inscribed it as Longjin. Academy. The academy is small in scale, enrolling five or six local children, as well as students. It is also a resting place for literati and scholars to study and take exams. With Zhu Xi as his “golden brand”, Longjin Academy gathered many scholars.
Brothers Liang Rujia and Liang Ruxi, the originators of the Liang surname in Liangcuo Village, Chengmen, Fuzhou, founded the “Meijian Academy” at the foot of Liangcuo Yan Mountain and invited Zhu Xi to give lectures. When Zhu Xi left, they asked him to inscribe a plaque. Zhu Xi saw that Yanshan resembled a swallow spreading its wings and was about to fly, so he wrote the words “Yi Yan Tang” in his own hand as a gift. Later, “Yiyan Hall” became the name of Liang’s ancestral hall and was hung high in the ancestral hall. Scholars who came to Longjin Academy include Liang Rulin, a Jinshi in Yongfu County in the fifth year of Zhenghe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1115), and Liang Ruchang and Zheng Yongzhai, who were Jinshi in the fifth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1135). Some of them were older than Zhu Xi, but they all became close friends and extended the culture, culture and context of the “Academy”.
In the twenty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1598), Dong Yingju, a Jinshi of Lianjiang, and Guo Xinshan, a native of Changbian Village, renamed Longjin Academy “Zhu Xi Temple” to worship Zhu Xi. Zhu Xi.
From the fifty-seventh year (1718) to the sixty-first year (1722) of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, when Lu Youlong, a member of the Zhenghong Banner of the Han Army, was the governor of Fujian, he attached great importance to the Zhuzi Temple. The Yishan Yuandu (also known as Pavilion Road Ferry) tax money was given to Zhuzi Temple as the price of the second season of the Spring and Autumn Festival. In the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), it was set that three thousand dollars should be collected every year as the price of the sacrificial ceremony. This system was maintained until the end of the Qing Dynasty. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the academy had 25Jamaica Sugar.45 acres, plus ferry tax revenue as funding for running the school.
Zhu Zi Temple was rebuilt many times in the fifteenth year of Jiaqing (1810), the third year of Xianfeng (1853), and the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867) in the Qing Dynasty. This temple faces north to south, with a civil structure, wind and fire walls on both sides, and a bucket-type wooden frame. It is built against the mountain and ascends from front to back. It is composed of a gate tower, a cloister, a courtyard, a main hall, a back courtyard, and Wenchang Pavilion. It occupies an area of The area is 506 square meters. The bluestone tablet inlaid on the main entrance reads “Zhuzi Temple”. The bluestone, white walls and gray tiles look particularly simple and quiet. The temple retains Zhu Xi’s inscription “Yue Longjin”, five inscriptions inscribed on the inner wall of the door, including Ming Dynasty Dong Yingju’s “Inscription for the Construction of the Ziyang Temple” and Qing Dynasty Wang Youshu’s “Longjin Academy Sacrifice Codex”. In the center of the hall stands a full-length statue of Zhu Xi. The Wenchang Pavilion at the back of the palace was the gathering place for scholars in Hepu Beili in ancient times. JM Escorts It was once used as a primary school during the Republic of China.
Guishan Pavilion
Qili Liwen Style under Wuhu Mountain
In August of the 10th year of Chunxi of the Song Dynasty (11JM Escorts83), Zhu Xi went to Quanzhou and visited several counties in central Fujian. The lectures and promotion lasted for more than 4 months. “Min Hou Qili Zhi” records: In that year, Zhu Xi gave lectures in Zhuo Village, Shangqian Countryside, Min County, which was called “Yincui Mountain Tower”.
Xiazhuo Village is located near the Sanxikou Reservoir in Fangshan (Wuhu Mountain) today’s Fuyi Village. The beautiful lakes and mountains at Sanxikou attracted Zhu Xi to build an academy here and spread his doctrines. With the help of the villagers, a stone house and thatched cottage was quickly built, which Zhu Xi named “Yincui Mountain Tower”. When the gentry, celebrities and village literati at the foot of Wuhu Mountain who were still seven miles away heard that Zhu Xi was giving lectures, they not only sent their children to Yincui Mountain Tower, but also often visited the academy, exchanging poems and wines.The songs are harmonious, and the discussions are about mysteries and Taoism. Today, the remains of Yincui Mountain Tower still remain on a hill in Xiazhuo Natural Village.
In addition to giving lectures and discussions, Zhu Xi and his friends went to Fangshan (Wuhu Mountain) to climb the cliffs and walk on the rocks, leaving ink marks. “Fuzhou Prefecture Chronicles” written by Wanli of the Ming Dynasty records: “Fangshan… has a peak called Tianzhu, which spans the two counties of Fujian and Hou. There are stone altars, stone beds, stone chess games, and Lingbi rocks on it. There are hanging rocks to crowd out, and Zhu Xi looked up. The book “Yishan is a good stone, where immortals live” is written under the rock. “The Book of Fujian Capital written by Yingshan of the Ming Dynasty also contains: The cliff stone is carved on Wuhu Mountain Jamaica Sugar Daddy On the top of the cliff at the third peak, there are 3 stone carvings from the Song Dynasty and 5 inscriptions… The first inscription is “Yishan Good Stone” in regular script straight down, with a diameter of about 11 cm; the second inscription is “The Immortal Place” “Ju”, two lines in a square shape, carved in a heart-shaped stone carving, in official script, with a character diameter of about 10 centimeters, and is said to have been written by Zhu Xi. It is still extant on the stone cliff today. The stone carving has been severely weathered due to age and the handwriting is unclear. At the same time, Zhu Xi wrote a poem “Fangshan”: “When I go to the mountain, I don’t know the face of the mountain, but I see the winding stream with nine noses. When I come back, I sit under the small window and lean against the sky for hundreds of miles to cut the cold jade.”
During this period Jamaica Sugar, Zhu Xi also went to Shangqian Yangcuo Village to pay homage to his ancestors, a famous historical allusion Yang Shi, the protagonist in “Cheng Men Li Xue”. The origin of teacher-to-teacher transmission, Neo-Confucianism is the Taoism of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. “Er Cheng” passed it on to Yang Shi, Yang Shi passed it on to Li Dong, and Li Dong passed it on to Zhu Xi.
The people in Yangcuo village are all descendants of Yang Shi. There is a small attic in the village called Yangcuo Pavilion, later named Guishan Pavilion. The descendants of the clan study. Legend has it that when Zhu Xi came here to pay his respects and give lectures, he marveled at the beautiful scenery around him, and was delighted to see the descendants of the ancestors of Neo-Confucianism here. After this, he wrote a plaque with the inscription “Kite Flying and Fish Leaping” as a gift to the descendants of the Yang family. Unfortunately, the plaque was stolen during the Cultural Revolution, and later generations copied a new plaque based on their memory and placed it in the “Guishan Pavilion”.
“Fuzhou Municipal Chronicle” records: “Guishan Pavilion, also known as Zhuzi Pavilion, is located on the west side of Yangcuo Village, Qingkou Town, Minhou County. It was built during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. Rebuilt. “It was built in memory of Yang Shi and Zhu Xi.” As the place where the clan members studied and studied, Yang Shi, the chief worshiper in the pavilion, was named Mr. Guishan, so it was also called Guishan Pavilion.
“Fujian General Chronicles” and the Huyu Yang family tree record: Guishan Pavilion was formerly the outer garden of Xinglong Courtyard. It was built during the Qiandao period of the Southern Song Dynasty. It has an exquisite and elegant appearance. Exquisite. When Guishan Pavilion was built in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was originally named Yangcuo Pavilion. In the second year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1489), it was rebuilt for the first time by Yang Yiquan, the eleventh generation ancestor of the Yang family. nowDuring the Tianqi and Chongzhen years, a second renovation and reconstruction was carried out, and finally it was built into a picturesque place surrounded by rivers, towering ancient trees, and was renamed Yangjiajiangdai Pavilion because Yang Shi, the chief enshrinement in the pavilion, was named Mr. Guishan. , so it is also called Guishan Pavilion.
The “Guishan Pavilion” is built on the blue waves, with the river flowing around it. It faces south and is a double-story pavilion with an all-wood structure. The foundation is made of square stone barriers. “Well”-shaped pier foundation, paved with square stone slabs, drum-shaped stone pillar foundations, lattice doors and windows with exquisite carvings, three rooms wide and four rooms deep, with a bucket-type wooden frame, double eaves on the top of the mountain, and gray tiles , the main ridge of the magpie’s tail, especially at the four corners of the pavilion, the structure Jamaica Sugar Daddy is ingenious, with the corner rafter boards in the middle like four corner beams. When the folding fan is unfolded, the upper and lower floors are surrounded by circular corridors, wooden lattice railings and beauties facing the water. It is now expanded into “Guishange” Park.
Although Zhu Xi did not stay at the foot of Wuhu Mountain for too long, he created “the rise of academies and the prosperity of literary style” in Shangqian Qiliyang and Nangang Jiushi Township. The ruins of the Zhuzi Tower built by Zhu Xi when he lectured at Xinglin Temple are now preserved on the campus of Minhou No. 2 Middle School.
Baolin Temple and Zhuzi Temple
Republic of China The “Lianjiang County Chronicle” of the period records: During the Song Dynasty, Zhu Huiweng was banned from pseudo-study during the Qingyuan Dynasty. He fled to Sanshan and returned to Changle. He arrived with his disciples Liu Di and Liu Li and lived in Baolin Temple.
Baolin Zen Temple is located at the foot of Baolin Mountain in Dongping Village, Danyang Town, Lianjiang County. “Did you sleep?” In the fifth year (831), it was one of the four major Buddhist forests in Fujian. In the fourth year of Qingyuan of the Song Dynasty (1198), the Neo-Confucian master Zhu Xi and his disciples Liu Di and Liu Li lived here hibernatingly, giving lectures and preaching, and promoting his Neo-Confucian thoughts.
Baolin Temple was known as the “Ten Scenic Spots of Baolin” in ancient times, among which the famous “Tiger Running Spring” and “Tiger Running Spring” of West Lake in HangzhouJamaica Sugar” are equally famous. For more than a thousand years, it is this Hupao Spring that has nourished all things in the ancient temple and the monks of all generations. At that time, Zhu Xi also left an ink ink “The second tiger running spring in the country”, and wrote a couplet: “Tiger running thunder moves and begins to convert into the Dharma Realm”, and personally wrote on the wooden board, leaving the second couplet for future generations to deal with. It is a pity that this joint board was destroyed during the “Cultural Revolution” and no one has matched it to this day. Under the Lei Yi Stone on the hillside of Baolin Temple today, there are still preserved the cliff stone carvings “Lei Yi” and “Jiang Hufeng” written by Zhu Xi in authentic handwriting. The fonts are vigorous and weak, and the titles are slightly vague.
According to “Lianjiang County Chronicles”, Zhu Xi and his two disciples Liu Di and Liu Li lived in Baolin Temple and returned to Guandi Village to give lectures in a cottage. Named his village “Zhubu”. Zhu Xi and others gathered in Guandi Village, LianjiangLu’s lectures had a great influence on the development of Lianjiang education. Guandi Village, Pandu Township, Lianjiang County, was renamed Zhubu Village in memory of Zhu Xi. Zhu Xi and others once again lived in Renshan, Anzhongli. Legend has it that he wrote the four characters “University Bible” on the hall door for his master. This family has never suffered from the plague for generations. It is said that it was Zhu Xi. For the sake of the inscription.
Zhu Xi lived in Lianjiang and other places. Most of the places where he lived were remote villages and barren mountains. Although the environment was harsh, Zhu Xi, who was nearly seventy years old, still adhered to his teachings and wrote “Collected Commentary on Chu Ci” and other works in Qili Township, Xiaocang. He gave lectures in Banding Village, Zhugong Village, Pandu Guian Village and other places in Danyang, and left his wonderful wishes that “the phoenix will shine brightly out of Danshan Mountain”.
Shangshan Village at the foot of Jiulong Mountain in Aojiang Town is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with simple folk customs and respect for teachers and education. Zhu Xi thought this was a good place to live in seclusion and avoid chaos, so he stayed there for several days. , stayed for two nights in Shangshan Village, leaving behind many relics. Later generations built the “Zhuzi Temple” here to commemorate Zhu Xi. The Zhuzi Temple has become a place for many students to study over the years. In 1919, “Longfeng Elementary School” was founded in Zhuzi Temple, which became famous for a while.
Now, the reconstructed Zhuzi Temple has a brand new look. Behind the temple is the curved Jiulong Mountains, and a bay of pure water passes in front of the temple. The gate tower of Zhuzi Temple is majestic with its cornices and raised corners. The horizontal plaque solemnly reads “Baiwen Gong Temple”. There is a large gate in the middle of the gatehouse and small doors on both sides. Entering the gate is a small courtyard with corridors on both sides. Inscriptions on the wall describe the history of Baiwengong Temple. Up a few steps, you will find the main hall of Baiwengong Temple. The main hall is tall and spacious, with ancient charm. In the center is a statue of Zhu Xi enshrined as a scholar, with a peaceful expression and a scripture in his hand. There is a couplet next to the statue: “The officialdom has been ups and downs, but loyalty remains; the famous mountains have passed down the tradition, and the righteousness is everlasting.” On the four walls of the main hall, there are a dazzling array of poems and couplets. The most eye-catching one is Zhu Xi’s “Reflections on Reading Books”: “Half As soon as the pond is open, the sky, light, clouds and shadows are wandering. I ask the canal how clear it is, where the source of stagnant water comes from. Zhu Xi’s temples have been built in Jiang County, Danyang, Shangshan, Mupu, Gui’an, Zhugong, Zhushan, Dinghai and other places to commemorate Zhu Xi, and the incense continues. Zhugong Village has the only “Zhuzi Temple” that has been completely preserved in Lianjiang. The “Zhuzi Temple” in Gui’an contains Zhu Xi’s relatives Jamaicans Escort There are plaques inscribed with “Poems and Books Holding Rituals” and “Tao Chongli Model” written in handwriting.
The largest Zhuzi Temple is Danyang. During the Song Dynasty, Danyang Academy was originally a temple. In the late Ming Dynasty, it was changed to Zhuzi Temple. In the ninth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1731), local residents Chen Gongdou, Zhang Lianfang, Chen Xuesi and others rebuilt Danyang Zhuzi Temple. Danyang Zhuzi Temple is composed of a garden rockery, a front hall, a verandah and a main hall. It is a single-story wooden structure. It is five rooms wide, seven columns deep, with a single entrance, a gabled roof, and finely carved four-corner eaves and arches. A statue of Zhu Zi is placed in the hall, and there is a stone worship platform in front of the hall.Elegant. There is a gate at the intersection with a “Zhu Zi Temple” erected monument and two stone lions guarding the gate, which looks solemn and dignified. Unfortunately, there was a fire in 1986. Except for the stone plaque and stone lions at the gate, everything was burned down. Today, the playground of Danyang Middle Primary School is the site of the Zhuzi Temple.
Shaoxi Cottage Ziyang Zhu Academy
Lantian Academy
Shaoxi Cottage Ziyang Zhu Academy
Facing the rolling scenery of Xinghua BayJamaicans Sugardaddy On the hillside of the Thatched Cottage in Jiangdou Village, Cuo Town, there is the Zhuzi Temple Jamaicans Escort, which was built in the Song Dynasty as the “Mr. Ziyang Zhu Academy” and is commonly known as Zhu Xi Thatched Cottage. Zhu Xi once studied and taught in Caotang Mountain. “Fuqing County Chronicles” written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty recorded: “Caotang Mountain is located southeast of Xingxing Temple in Guangxianli… In the past, Master Zhu built a thatched cottage to study here, hence the name.”
Legend After Zhu Xi visited Mr. Zheng Yuzhong (Zheng Qiao), a famous scholar and historian in the Song Dynasty in Putian, he returned north to Jianyang. He passed by Shaoxi Pavilion in Fuqing and heard that the famous Mr. Fang Bogu built a thatched cottage here to live in seclusion, study knowledge, and accept apprentices. So he went to the mountain to visit and discuss knowledge. They stayed for three days and three nights, and the two became good friends. Because the sound of flowing water in the mountain stream was like Shao music, Zhu Xi named the creek Shaoxi, and the thatched cottage also got its name “Shaoxi Thatched Cottage”. Zhu Xi wanted to rush back to northern Fujian, but Mr. Fang Bogu was reluctant to leave him when he left. He could not send his eldest brother away because of his frailty. Zhu Xi had not gone far when the figure of Mr. Fang Bogu suddenly appeared in front of him, following him. He felt something was not good, so he hurried away and saw that Mr. Fang had suddenly passed away when he arrived at the thatched cottage. After Zhu Xi buried Mr. Fang, he stayed in the thatched cottage and continued to recruit famous local scholars as his apprentices and teach him.
In the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, county scholars admired Mr. Zhu Xi, expanded the thatched cottage, and continued to run the school. Chen Shan, a corrupt official of the Qing Dynasty (a native of Qizao Village), also received apprentices and taught here before he became famous. From here, he became a teacher and went to Beijing to take the imperial examination. Year of the Republic of ChinaThe academy burned down and the original thatched cottage was gone. Only an ancient stone tablet inscribed with the words “Mr. Ziyang Zhu Academy, the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1628)” stood in the mountain.
In the autumn of 2001, the ancient ruins of Zhuzi Temple Academy were restored, and Jamaicans Escort was dug out and buried in There are four ancient stone steles on the ground that are the same size as “Mr. Ziyang Zhu Academy”. The four stone tablets were inscribed in the spring of the 14th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1641), in the mid-autumn of the 27th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1762), in March of the 13th year of Jiaqing (1808), and in the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874). Year). The base of the stele and the column plate were also unearthed at the same time.
Although the stone tablets were damaged and broken, the inscriptions are still clear and legible. They record in detail the four reconstructions and rebuildings in the history of the academy, confirming that “Master Ziyang Zhu” The existence of “Teacher’s Academy” (commonly known as “Zhu Xi Thatched Cottage”) confirms that Zhu Xi taught here for many years. And it can be seen from the inscription that the academy was built by Fang Bogu in the Song Dynasty. It was renamed “Shaoxi Academy” because of Mr. Zhu Xi’s visit. In 2015, the villagers of Jiangdou Village donated money to rebuild Zhuzi Academy on the original basis, which is now one of the eight scenic spots in Jiangdou, “Thatched Cottage Chunyin”.
According to research, Zhu Xi came to Fuqing at least three times, and there are many remains. “Fuqing County Chronicles” written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty records: “Mianting Ridge, the word “Mianting” is written in Zhu Huiweng’s big book of Song Dynasty”, Mianting Village is near Jiangdou Village. The county annals also record: “Wendu Mountain is in Futang…Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty passed here and wrote the inscription ‘Wendu’.” Zhu Xi once lived in Lingshi Temple in Lingshi Mountain, and in Butterfly Creek in the mountainJM Escorts On the female stone of a pair of male and female stones, the words “Lingshi Mountain” are inscribed, leaving behind the ink on the plaque of “Cangxia Pavilion” and the poem “Wandering Lingshi”. 》: “The nine-fold mountain with a hundred-foot pavilion, the scenery is out of this world. The dangerous pavilion rests on the ancient sky, and the fragrance of spiritual stone is stained with green moss. Every time I look up to the beautiful scenery because of labor, I don’t have enough time to climb it. What should I do? To repay the debt of poems and books, I have half a day’s leisure.”
The “Shifan Society” in Menkou Village, Jiangyin Town, Fuqing was built in the Southern Song Dynasty to commemorate Zhu Xi’s visit to Jiangyin to give lectures. ” (originally called “Shifan Palace”, the current name was changed in the fourth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty), the statue of Zhu Xi enshrined in the Society School still exists and was restored in 1995.
Two lectures at Lantian Academy
Once Fuzhou In Gutian Shanyang, Shiyi, there is an antique JM Escorts with five or six musicians playing festive music, but because Without musicians, the music seemed a bit lacking in momentum, and then a matchmaker in red came over, and again… and again…”Lantian Academy” is one of the earliest academies in Fujian. “Fujian General Chronicle School Chapter” records: “Lantian Academy in Gutian Shanyang was founded in the first year of Kaibao in the Song Dynasty (968).” “Lantian Academy” is the term Yu Renchun, a native of Shanyang, who was the magistrate of Yongzhen County (today’s Luoyuan County) and returned to his hometown, devoted his life savings and land to establish it in the first year of Kaibao, the first year of Song Taizu’s reign.
Historical records indicate that in the second year of Qiandao in the Song Dynasty (1166), Yu Duanqing, a descendant of Yu Renchun, initiated reconstruction. From the Song Dynasty to the Republic of China, it was repaired and expanded many times. In the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), Lantian Academy occupied an area of 941 square meters and was magnificent in scale. Unfortunately, Lantian Academy was destroyed in a fire in 1975, leaving only a stone tablet with the four characters “Lantian Academy” written by Zhu Xi himself. In 2013, Dr. Yu Yunhui, the 33rd generation grandson of Eu Ren Chun, raised funds to rebuild this scholarly college.
The Lantian Academy rebuilt from the original site is in the style of the Song Dynasty, facing south, with blue tiles and red walls, a curved roof with horse heads, black tiles and white walls with clear colors and well-proportioned wall lines. , the courtyard is simple, elegant and generous, with a three-entry layout, deeply carved window lattice and pillars, and exquisite materials, showing signs of modern Huizhou architecture.
Beside the pool in the backyard of the academy, there is a stone more than ten feet square. The four characters “Lantian Academy” engraved on it are precious calligraphy left by Zhu Xi during his lectures, and the title is “Hui Hui”. “Weng” and “Song Dingsi spring March auspicious day” have been covered with glass to protect them from weather damage. Her mind couldn’t tell whether it was shock or something else, it was blank and useless.
Zhu Xi lectured twice at Lantian Academy. The first time was in the 11th year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1184), at the invitation of his Gutian students Lin Zezhi, Yu Yu and others. He came to Lantian Academy to give lectures, visited the place where his teacher Li Dong’s family was originally from, and traveled to the surrounding famous mountains and rivers.
The second time was during the “Qingyuan Party Ban” in the Southern Song Dynasty. “Yu Family Genealogy·Dongzhai Zhi” contains: “Zhu Xi’s Second Supreme Master Li During the Yuan period of Qing Dynasty, eight people gathered in Lantian to study and lecture in the place where Dong Gong was from. The academy was called Dongzhai, and he went to various academies to teach, with disciples all over Fujian.” After Zhu Xi arrived in Gutian Thirty-Nine Capital (now Gutian Shanyang area), he made great efforts. He advocated the establishment of nine academies including Tsangxiu, Xishan, Xishan, Luofeng, Huanxi, Xingxian, Tanshu and Ruiyun. At the same time, Zhu Xi, who was old and sick, traveled to the nine academies to inspect and give lectures.
The outstanding teaching environment of Gutian Shanyang and Lantian Academy, which valued Confucianism and education, became Zhu Xi’s fantasy garden for spreading Neo-Confucianism and later avoiding disasters. In the “Snow Hall” of Lantian College, Zhu Xi was like a fish in water, forgetting the misfortune he had suffered. For example, the couplet he inscribed in Lantian College: “The Snow Hall nourishes the vastness and condenses the pure air, and the moon cave watches the sky and calms my spirit.” He used his awe-inspiring aura, The spirit of Ning Qing calmly talked with the students during the day.Discuss the classics and explain the essentials of Neo-Confucianism in detail; in the morning, they will observe the stars on the star gathering platform, talk about state affairs, divine the universe, and discuss the rise and fall. “Inscribed on Lantian Academy” written by Li Jieying, a student from Shanyang in the Qing Dynasty: “Encircling the mountains to see off the distant youth, the master talked about the scriptures every day. There are still ink traces that smell thousands of miles away, and the Dipper stars are illuminated every night.” Traveling through historical time and space, vivid descriptions It tells the story of Zhu Xi’s flourishing lectures at Lantian Academy.
Studying in Fujian and Qing Dynasty left ink marks
Zhu Xi avoided disaster He traveled to the Fujian and Qing Dynasties to study in the Qing Dynasty. He had no fixed location, but he also left a lot of ink marks. Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty recorded in “Compilation of Fujian General Chronicles”: “Bai Wengong had no fixed place to avoid the pseudo-study. He knew almost all the famous places he visited in the Fujian and Qing Dynasties. For example, Guangjiyan’s ‘Xishan No. 1 ‘, Baiyan’s ‘Minshan Yue Zu’ are all written by him and are now preserved in stone. “Minqing County Chronicle records that during the Chunxi period (1174-1189), Zhu Xi came to Minqing many times to avoid the ban on studying, and stayed in Meixi. “Meixi” is inscribed on Pingping, Dingfeng, Guangjiyan, ZhuJamaica Sugar Daddypeak, Houfeng and Baiyan Mountain respectively. “Longmen”, “Xishan No. 1”, “Guanyunxiu”, “Liuyun”, “Bamin Yuezu” and other words, the first five original works still exist today.
Zhu Xi traveled to Fujian and Qing Dynasties to study, and he also accepted a student, Zheng Xingzhi, a famous person in Fuzhou. Jamaica Sugar Zheng Xingzhi once lived in Jipi Road (lane), Sanfang Qixiang, Fuzhou. According to legend, Zheng Xingzhi was once bullied by a butcher in the alley. When he returned home in fine clothes, the butcher hurriedly avoided him because he had insulted him, so he called it “Jibi Alley”. Many people in the countryside felt that the word “Jibi Alley” was detrimental to the reputation of the village sage. The motion to rename “Lord Lane” failed. The pronunciation of “Luodi” and “Jibi” in Fuzhou dialect are similar. The latter contains the meaning of “auspicious protection”, and the word “Jibi” was later used.
Qing Lin Yi’s “Records of Marquis’s Places” contains: “Zheng Xingzhi was a young boy whose family was poor, so he received support from his mother Ni and entered Meixi Academy to learn from Zhu Zi.” According to “Fujian Qing Dynasty” County Chronicle records: “Zhu Ziqiu predicted that he would become a great weapon.” Zheng Xingzhi was appreciated by Zhu Xi and studied harder, and later won the first prize. Zheng Xingzhi studied at the “Meixi Academy” in the county town, and often walked through the stone paths in the woods of Wumingling. After winning the first prize, he returned to his hometown and once again set foot on Wumingling, a forest of thousands of trees and endless pines. He was so moved by the scene that he wrote “Wansongling”. Three big characters. Today, there is a huge stone standing next to the mountainside post road, with the inscription “Wansongling” in regular script, 0.82 meters high and 0.Jamaica Sugar Daddy60 Mi, with the inscription “Qingxi Zheng Xingzhi’s Book” on the side, the character diameter is 0.20 meters, the font structure is rigorous and dignified, and the writing power is powerful and old.
Zheng Xingzhi became a minister of political affairs (prime minister). He was grateful to his teacher Zhu Xi and hurriedly called for the “lifting” of Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism. He elevated Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism to the level of official philosophy in the Southern Song Dynasty and influenced Chinese history for hundreds of years.
Editor: Jin Fu